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Double Cardan Shaft![]() Double Cardan Shaft
Even when the driving and driven shafts are at equal angles with respect to the intermediate shaft, if these angles are greater than zero, oscillating moments are applied to the three shafts as they rotate. These tend to bend them in a direction perpendicular to the common plane of the shafts. This applies forces to the support bearings and can cause "launch shudder" in rear wheel drive vehicles.[13] The intermediate shaft will also have a sinusoidal component to its angular velocity, which contributes to vibration and stresses. Mathematically, this can be shown as follows: If If the second universal joint is rotated 90 degrees with respect to the first, then and it is seen that the output drive is just 90 degrees out of phase with the input shaft, yielding a constant-velocity drive.
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